| Retirement
Security
/ Roth IRA / Traditional
IRA / Coverdell Educational Savings Account
Retirement
Security
Today there
are many great investment options. Take a look and see which of
these IRA and savings options fit your circumstances best.
- Tax-free
Roth IRA (funded with after-tax money, you pay NO taxes on
the earnings even at distribution)
- Fully
deductible Traditional IRA (you pay taxes on contributions
and earnings when you take out the money at retirement)
- Non-deductible
Traditional IRA (you pay taxes on only the earnings at distribution)
- Coverdell
Educational Savings Account to help a child pay for higher
education expenses
Then contact
Financial Services, (316)722-3921, ext. 202, to open your IRA account,
or with any questions that you have about your retirement planning.
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Roth IRA
The Roth IRA
is a nondeductible account that features tax-free withdrawals for
qualified distributions after a five-year holding period, and reaching
age 59 1/2.
Eligibility
There are two
eligibility requirements for a Roth IRA: you must have earned income
and your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) cannot exceed certain
limits. You may contribute 100% of your earned income up to maximum
allowed. The maximum is the aggregate amount that you can contribute
to any Roth and/or Traditional IRA in a given year. There are no
required distributions from a Roth IRA.
Contribution
Limit
The 2008 contribution limit is $5,000; the contribution limit for age 50 and older is $6,000. After 2008,
the contribution limit will be adjusted annually for inflation in
$500 increments.
Five-Year
Holding Period
The five-year holding period begins with the tax
year for which the first contribution is made. For example, you
can open a Roth IRA on April 15, 2004 for tax year 2003, and the
five-year period would actually begin January 1, 2003.
Qualified
Distributions
In order for
earnings to be tax-free, you must first meet a five-year holding
period for your Roth IRA. After that, your earnings are tax-free
and IRS penalty free. Qualified distributions include:
- Distributions
made on or after the date on which you attain age 59 1/2
- Distributions
made to your beneficiary or estate upon your death
- Distributions
attributable to your being disabled, and
- Qualified
first-time home buyer distributions (up to $10,000)
IRS Premature
Withdrawal Penalty
The 10% IRS
penalty does not apply to earnings you withdraw under any of the
qualified distributions. In addition, the penalty is waived for
certain other distributions, but you will pay taxes on the earnings
withdrawn on these distributions:
- Substantially
equal periodic payments
- Eligible
medical expenses in excess of 7.5% of your adjusted
gross income (AGI)
- Medical
insurance premiums for eligible unemployed individuals
- Qualified
education expenses
- Distributions
taken within the first five years for these reasons:
age 59 1/2, death, disability or home purchase
Distributions
taken for any reason other than a qualified reason or one of the
reasons listed above are subject to both taxes and the 10% IRS penalty
on any earnings that are withdrawn.
Access to
Funds
One of the
most helpful features of the Roth IRA is that, for non-qualified
distributions, original contributions are returned first, not the
earnings. Your contributions are not subject to taxation or the
IRS 10% penalty. In plain language, you can always get back your
contributions both tax-free and IRS penalty free, for any reason.
Required
Distributions
Unlike a Traditional
IRA, you are never required to take distributions, at age 70 1/2
or at any other age.
Contribution
Deadline
IRAs for the taxable year can be opened and funded
at any time between January 1 and the date the tax return is due,
excluding extensions. For most people, this means that you can fund a 2008 IRA from January 1, 2008 through April 15, 2009.
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Traditional
IRA
A Traditional
IRA defers taxes on earnings until distribution, and may allow you
to take a deduction for your contributions as well.
Eligibility
If you are
under age 70 1/2 for the entire tax year and have earned income
(or taxable alimony), you can have an IRA, even if you participate
in a pension plan established by an employer.
Contribution
Limit
The 2008 contribution limit is $5,000; the contribution limit for age 50 and older is $6,000. After 2008,
the contribution limit will be adjusted annually for inflation in
$500 increments.
Tax Deductibility
Deductibility depends
on income and participation in an employer-maintained retirement plan. If you
are not an active participant in an employer-maintained retirement plan, you
are eligible for a full deduction, no matter what your income.
For single filers who
are active participants in an employer-maintained retirement plan and you
make contributions in tax year 2008, you may fully deduct your contributions
if your MAGI is $53,000 or less; you may partially deduct your contributions
with a MAGI between $53,000 and $63,000.
For joint filers who
are active participants, the limits for full deductibility are $85,00 or less;
partial deductibility limits are $85,000 to $105,000.
If you are not eligible
for a deductible IRA, you can still make non-deductible contributions to an IRA,
or you may be eligible for a Roth IRA.
Distributions
without IRS Penalties
Distributions
after you reach 59 1/2 are without IRS penalty. There are also no
penalties if you become disabled, upon your death, if the distributions
are part of certain periodic payments, for medical expenses greater
than 7.5% of your adjusted gross income or for health insurance
if you've been unemployed and have been receiving unemployment payments
for 12 weeks, for certain higher education expenses, or for a first-time
home purchase.
In addition,
when you reach age 70 1/2, you must begin taking distributions to
avoid IRS penalties.
Taxes on
Distributions
If you are
over age 59 1/2, simply include the taxable portion of the amount
withdrawn (generally the deductible contributions and all earnings)
as income on your tax return. If you are under age 59 1/2 and do
not meet one of the exceptions, you must also pay a 10% IRS penalty
for premature distribution, in addition to including the amount
withdrawn as income on your tax return.
The nondeductible
portion of the distribution is not subject to either income tax
or the 10% premature distribution penalty.
Spousal
IRA
The spousal IRA rule allows a married person with an adjusted gross income of less than $160, 000 to make an IRA contribution for his/her spouse. A couple can contribute up to 100% of their combined earnings.
Contribution
Deadline
IRAs for the taxable year can be opened and funded
at any time between January 1 and the date the tax return is due,
excluding extensions. For most people, this means that you can fund a 2008 IRA from January 1, 2008 through April 15, 2009.
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Coverdell
Educational Savings Account (CESA)
A CESA is a
nondeductible account that features tax-free withdrawals for qualified
expenses associated with a child's elementary, secondary or higher
education.
Eligibility
There are two
requirements for a CESA. First, the child for whom you are contributing
may not have had any contributions on his/her part to a state prepaid
tuition program in that year. Second, if you're a single filer,
you may make a full contribution if your MAGI is $95,000 or less,
or a partial contribution if your MAGI is between $95,000 and $110,000.
If you are married filing joint, you may make a full contribution
if your MAGI is $190,000 or less, and a partial contribution if
your MAGI is between $190,000 and $220,000.
You may contribute
up to $2,000 per year per child to a CESA. If you are ineligible
to make a CESA contribution yourself, you may gift $2,000 to your
child so that he or she may make a contribution. There is no stipulation
as to who the contributor must be, and there is no earned income
requirement. Contributions are not tax deductible.
The child has
to be under the age of eighteen. You can make contributions up to
the day before his/her 18th birthday.
Taxes and
Penalties
Neither you
nor the child pays taxes on the distributions of a CESA, provided
the money is used for qualified education expenses. Qualified withdrawals
may be used for tuition, fees, books, tutoring, special needs services,
supplies (including computers) and room and board for elementary,
secondary or higher education. Distributions must be made during
the year in which the expenses occurred.
If a non-qualified
distribution is taken, the earnings portion is subject to a 10%
penalty and income taxes.
Moving Funds
You can roll
funds from a CESA for one child to a CESA for another child in the
same family. This way, if one child decides not to pursue an education,
another relative can benefit from the CESA.
You cannot
roll funds from a Traditional or Roth IRA into a CESA.
Contribution
Deadline
Contributions
to CESAs may be made until April 15th for the previous year.
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